2018年6月27日 星期三

《跨性別世代:跨性別兒童(及其家長)如何創造性別革命》The Trans Generation (NTY紐約大學出版社新書推薦)



跨性別世代跨性別兒童(及其家長)如何創造性別革命
The Trans Generation: How Trans Kids (and Their Parents) Are Creating a Gender Revolution

Author: Ann Travers
ISBN: 9781479885794
June, 2018
288 pages

Subjects: Sociology / LGBT Studies

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有些「男孩」只穿裙子,有些「女孩」卻把裙子拒之門外。這兩種情況很多時候都不單純關乎個人的穿搭取向。作者Travers在本書中作出一個對跨性別孩子生活的解釋。跨性別人士年幼時已感覺到自己跟天生的生理性別不同。本書就此重點談述這些孩子如何在家長和朋友面前,以及在學校、公眾地方與法庭等地方發聲。

《跨性別世代》根據與四至二十歲的跨性別兒童和青年及其家長的訪談,加上在美國和加拿大超過五年的研究,呈現給讀者跨性別孩子成長路上的心路歷程。

同是跨性別的Travers,以第一手經驗記錄成長中的跨性別孩子及其家長遇到的問題。從此書可體現出這些家長為孩子所付出無比的愛、時間及精神。即使在配套不足的學校、法律、醫療制度前,也毫不退縮。跨性別兒童尤其容易受霸凌,繼而自殘,甚至自殺。因此,作者在書中建議不少幫助這些孩子的政策方案和社會介入。

《跨性別世代》為讀者帶來一個對跨性別者童年的嶄新理解,幫助跨性別孩子定位自己,質疑性別是否必定非黑即白,亦提出一些能讓文化和物質資源更平均分配的方法。

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作者簡介:
Ann TraversSimon Fraser大學社會及人類學系的教授。

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簡介原文:Some “boys” will only wear dresses; some “girls” refuse to wear dresses; in both cases, as Ann Travers shows in this fascinating account of the lives of transgender children, these are often more than just wardrobe choices. From a very early age, these kids find themselves to be different from the sex category that was assigned to them at birth. How they make their voices heard—to their parents and friends, in schools, in public spaces, and through the courts—is the focus of this remarkable book.

Based on interviews with transgender children, ranging in age from 4 to 20, and their parents, and over five years of research in the US and Canada, The Trans Generation offers a rare look into what it is like to grow up as a trans child.
As a transgender person, Travers is able to document from first-hand experience the difficulties of growing up trans and the challenges that parents can face. The book shows the incredible time, energy, and love that these parents give to their children, even in the face of, at times, unsupportive communities, schools, courts, health systems, and government laws. Keeping in mind that trans kids are among the most vulnerable to bullying, violent attacks, self-harm, and suicide, Travers offers ways to support trans kids through policy recommendations and activist interventions. Ultimately, the book is meant to explore options for kids’ own gender self-determination, to question the need for the sex binary, and to highlight ways that cultural and material resources can be redistributed more equitably. The Trans Generation offers an essential and important new understanding of childhood.


Ann Travers is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology & Anthropology at Simon Fraser University.

《網飛國度: 數位流通地理學》 Netflix Nations [NYU紐約打學出版社新書推薦]


網飛國度數位流通地理學
Netflix Nations: The Geography of Digital Distribution

AuthorRamon Lobato
ISBN: 9781479804948
January, 2019
240 pages
20 black and white illustrations and 5 tables

Subjects: Media Studies

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電視原來是廣播媒體,發展至今已能以電話線、光纖及無線網路傳播。它可以透過應用程式、螢幕及各種播放器播放。在這種新環境下,新的影視串流平台冒起,風靡全球,全球訂閱量最大的影視自選平台「網飛 (Netflix)就是其中一例。
作者Lobato揉合了文化理論及媒體產業分析,探究在數位流通新趨勢下政治和政策之間的張力,並以我們對媒體全球化演進的認知,追溯數位流通的歷史。作者認為,這種影視平台的運作已徹底改變了媒體在全球流傳的形式,並大大影響其觀眾。

《網飛國度》指出在數位媒體市場上一個基本的緊張關係,就是互聯網可容納多少這種全球傳播的媒體,還有各地域自身的媒體、品味與法規之間的衝突。本書亦探討全球用戶在使用自選影視平台時遇到的問題。在使用這些平台時,用戶還是會不時感受到這些平台充滿地域限制,如某些地區的用戶無法觀看某些影片,不同國家的影片分類有所差異,價格以不同貨幣顯示,字幕和標題不能以本地語言顯示等。從這些問題中,我們可以了解到數位流通真正的地域面貌和主要的全球媒體如何傳播。

「網飛」從美國擴展至全世界,南至澳洲,北至歐洲,業務遍佈全球,影響了全球用戶使用媒體的習慣。對媒體研究而言,《網飛國度》可謂橫空出世,有助於普羅大眾和學界對複雜而千變萬化的串流媒體的理解。

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作者簡介:Ramon Lobato是澳洲皇家墨爾本理工大學媒體與傳播學的資深研究員。他的著作有Shadow Economies of Cinema (2012)The Informal Media Economy (2015) Geoblocking and Global Video Culture (2016)

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簡介原文:Television, once a broadcast medium, now travels through our telephone lines, fiber optic cables, and wireless networks. It is delivered to viewers via apps, screens large and small, and media players of all kinds. In this unfamiliar environment, new global giants of television distribution are emerging–including Netflix, the world’s largest subscription video-on-demand platform.

Combining media industry analysis with cultural theory, Ramon Lobato explores the political and policy tensions at the heart of the digital distribution revolution, tracing their longer history through our evolving understanding of media globalization. Netflix Nations considers the ways that subscription video-on-demand services, but most of all Netflix, have irrevocably changed the global circulation of media content and its impact on audiences and fans.

Netflix Nations unpacks a fundamental tension in the digital media landscape – the clash between the internet’s capacity for global distribution and the territorial nature of media trade, taste, and regulation. The book also explores the failures and frictions of video-on-demand as experienced by global audiences. The actual experience of using video platforms is full of subtle reminders of market boundaries and exclusions: platforms are geo-blocked for out-of-region users (“this video is not available in your region”); catalogs shrink and expand from country to country; prices appear in different currencies; and subtitles and captions are not available in local languages. These problems of market topographies offer rich insight for understanding the actual geographies of digital distribution and critical global media flows.

Contrary to popular belief, the story of Netflix is not just an American one. From Azerbaijan to Australia, Netflix’s ascension from national company to an international conglomerate has affected media consumption on a global scale. Netflix Nation is a crucial intervention in the field of media studies, helping scholars and everyday people alike make sense of a complex, ever-shifting streaming media environment.


Ramon Lobato is Senior Research Fellow in Media and Communication at RMIT University, Melbourne. His previous books include Shadow Economies of Cinema (2012), The Informal Media Economy (2015), and Geoblocking and Global Video Culture (2016).

《認識數位演算的宰制:搜尋引擎如何惡化種族歧視》 [NYU紐約大學出版社新書]


[NYU紐約大學出版社 新書推薦]

認識數位演算的宰制:搜尋引擎如何惡化種族歧視
Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism

·         Safiya Umoja Noble
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ISBN: 9781479837243
February, 2018
256 pages
57 b/w photos

Subjects: Sociology / Women's & Gender Studies

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在《認識數位演算的宰制》一書中,作者Noble質疑像谷歌這樣的搜尋引擎能否提供一個讓不同意見、身分及活動平等立足的競技場。網路上偏頗的數據是個社會問題:Noble認為,由於利益趨使,谷歌、雅虎等搜尋引擎能夠透過數位演算的操控,使某些網站得到更多曝光,加上少數搜尋引擎的寡頭壟斷,形成了一個偏頗的系統,得以獨惠白人,歧視有色人種,尤其是有色人種的女性。

作者通過對文字和媒體的搜尋分析及大量對付費網上廣告的研究,揭露出搜尋引擎製造出來的種族和性別歧視。搜尋引擎及其相關產品不但是大眾發送電郵的來源,亦是學生學習的主要途徑。由於它們發展蓬勃,因此了解這個令人憂心的局面,並加以拆解,是非常重要的。
                                                                                               
《認識數位演算的宰制》是一個對網路偏頗數據的原創解釋,令人驚訝、又令人難過,它談述種族歧視是如何形成、存在以及如何在二十一世紀傳播。

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作者簡介:
Safiya Umoja Noble任教於加州大學洛杉磯分校教育及資訊研究系。她亦在非裔美國研究及性別研究系授課。此外,她也是The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, CultureClass Online and Emotions, Technology & Design的編輯。

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簡介原文:In Algorithms of Oppression, Safiya Umoja Noble challenges the idea that search engines like Google offer an equal playing field for all forms of ideas, identities, and activities. Data discrimination is a real social problem; Noble argues that the combination of private interests in promoting certain sites, along with the monopoly status of a relatively small number of Internet search engines, leads to a biased set of search algorithms that privilege whiteness and discriminate against people of color, specifically women of color.

Through an analysis of textual and media searches as well as extensive research on paid online advertising, Noble exposes a culture of racism and sexism in the way discoverability is created online. As search engines and their related companies grow in importance— operating as a source for email, a major vehicle for primary and secondary school learning, and beyond— understanding and reversing these disquieting trends and discriminatory practices is of utmost importance.

An original, surprising and, at times, disturbing account of bias on the internet, Algorithms of Oppression contributes to our understanding of how racism is created, maintained, and disseminated in the 21st century.



Safiya Umoja Noble is Assistant Professor in the Department of Information Studies in the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. She also holds appointments in the Departments of African American Studies, Gender Studies, and Education. Noble is the co-editor of two books, The Intersectional Internet: Race, Sex, Culture and Class Onlineand Emotions, Technology & Design.

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